Here are some key concepts :

• Network Architecture: Network engineers design the overall architecture of a network, including the layout of routers, switches, and other devices. They determine the optimal placement of network devices and plan for scalability and future growth.
• Routing Protocols: Engineers configure and manage routing protocols such as OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), or RIP (Routing Information Protocol). These protocols determine how data is routed between different network segments.
• Switching Technologies: Network engineers work with switching technologies such as VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks), Spanning Tree Protocol (STP), Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), and Virtual Switching System (VSS). They configure and manage switches to create efficient and secure network connectivity.
• Network Security: Engineers implement security measures such as access control lists (ACLs), firewalls, and virtual private networks (VPNs) to protect the network from unauthorized access and threats.
• Quality of Service (QoS): QoS mechanisms are used to prioritize network traffic based on different requirements. Engineers configure QoS policies to ensure that critical traffic, such as voice or video, receives sufficient bandwidth and lower-priority traffic does not impact performance.
• Network Monitoring and Troubleshooting: Engineers utilize network monitoring tools to monitor network performance, identify bottlenecks, and troubleshoot network issues. They analyse network traffic patterns, monitor device health, and take corrective actions when necessary.
• Network Upgrades and Expansion: Network engineers plan and execute network upgrades and expansions, including hardware replacements, firmware upgrades, and network capacity enhancements. They ensure minimal disruption to network services during these activities.
• Collaboration and Communication: Network engineers often collaborate with other IT teams and stakeholders to ensure network requirements align with business objectives. They also communicate with vendors for equipment procurement, support, and troubleshooting.
• Documentation and Documentation: Network engineers maintain accurate documentation of network configurations, diagrams, and standard operating procedures. This documentation is crucial for network troubleshooting, knowledge transfer, and compliance purposes.